Would a Honda Shadow Phantom 750 be a begginer motorcycle?

OK. I'm 16 years old I've bought all the nessecary gear I got that idea of watching cyclecruza's squid videos and didn't want that to happen to me. Well because I shouldn't look up to my dad who rides a Harley 1200 who only wears a helment a t shirt and just jeans. I know not to go over the speed limit but all I need to know if thus good first bike.

No. Too large, heavy and powerful. Down the road, sure, but not for a beginner bike. Consider the Honda CRF250L, Kawawsaki Ninja 250R, Yamaha WR250R, or Honda CBR250R for you best options. All four still have a ton of speed.

No, you should start on a small dirt bike, learn to ride, then move up to a bigger bike.

Not sure how tall/strong you are, but that makes a difference. You need to be able to put your feet down comfortable on both sides when stopped and need to be able to pick the bike up if it falls over (and not let if fall down to the other side!). 750cc sounds big for a teen unless you are some kind of 300# Samoan guy. This would be a second or 3rd bike for you.

Learn on a 250cc or MAX 500cc. You will still be able to go highway speeds but it will be easier for you to handle. I learned on and rode a Buell Blast for 8 years (500cc). It went plenty fast but was short/small enough to work on.

Never is very true when he says that the moto test is difficult on a bigger bike, especially when you are new. You have to go very slowly and navigate a cone course, make emergency stops, etc.

Most wrecks happen in the first 6 months of you getting on WHATEVER BIKE YOU ARE RIDING and within 5 miles of your house. Be careful!

Drop the bike on its side. Now pick it up. Do that a dozen times. There's a point where the bike is just to heavy to pick up. Then it is too big for you. Definitely not a beginner's bike. You not only have to pass the written, but you have to pass the practical. A big bike is NOT the way to pass that. There's no highway driving in the exam, but you got to drive around pylons. Hang on, I have a short video and you get the idea. I did my exam on a 175 Enduro. I still could do 90 on it on the highway. But that is not what I wanted it for because in a crash - the car will always WIN. Let me find the vid. They only give you one set of pylons and you got to drive in between them in an S pattern. Not like in the video. But your ability to handle it has to be the same.
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Sportster a good beginner bike? Well, it could be if you're capable of manning the weight!
There're other alternatives too:
Yamaha V-Star 250/650/950/1300 (The 650 is also known as V-Star Custom), Star Bolt, Star Stryker. Kawasaki Vulcan 900. Honda Rebel 250, Shadow 750 (Aero/Sprit etc), CTX700 (sort of a 'modern' cruiser!). Suzuki S40, M50, C50. Harley Davidson Street 500/750, Sportster 883, 1200. Hyosung GV650. Triumph America, Speedmaster.
All of these bikes have under or slight over 27" seat heights and are beginner friendly.
Look all of them up. Read reviews, shootouts, comparisons etc before deciding… If you're dead set on a Sporty 1200 then take a HARD look at V-Star 1300 too. Its got the dimensions of a Softail and could be a MUCH more practical bike then a Sportster.