What's the difference between an inline-four and a parallel twin?

I'm essentially comparing the Kawasaki Ninja 650 and the Honda CBR650f that's coming to the US this summer.

The Ninja is a parallel twin, whereas the CBR is an inline-four. Is there a big difference between the two, and if so, what would it be?

Main difference in performance is that the 4 has smaller lighter pistons so can rev higher producing more power at the top end of its performance. The twin will be lower revving & have more mid range power & torque & will be easier to ride.

An I4 has 4 cylinders while a twin has 2 cylinders. Many manufacturers of 2 cylinder engines will arrange them in a V-shape to help fight against engine vibration. When the cylinders are side-by-side, they are arranged in a parallel pattern ( another name for inline ) On a 2 cylinder engine, this can cause a lot of vibration unless the engineers design a counterweight system to help dampen those vibes.

Test ride both to see which design you prefer.

A parallel twin is like a V-twin except the cylinders are parallel, not at an angle. An inline-four is 4 cylinders in a line. The parallel twin would be a shorter but wider engine. An inline-four would be a narrower, longer engine.